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今天文(wen)主要(yao)介紹下(xia)燃(ran)料電(dian)池氣(qi)體擴散層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)制造工藝(yi)。氣(qi)體擴散層(ceng)(ceng)就是(shi)燃(ran)料電(dian)池電(dian)堆里面的(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)核心材料,目前(qian)(qian)我們(men)國(guo)家還是(shi)主要(yao)依靠進口來解(jie)決氣(qi)體擴散層(ceng)(ceng)這樣(yang)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)材料問(wen)題。氣(qi)體擴散層(ceng)(ceng)總(zong)體來說(shuo),也(ye)是(shi)我們(men)燃(ran)料電(dian)池技(ji)術發展里面一(yi)個(ge)(ge)卡脖子技(ji)術。我們(men)必須要(yao)解(jie)決這樣(yang)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)技(ji)術,目前(qian)(qian)國(guo)內(nei)已有(you)部分院校(xiao)(xiao)和企業(ye)實(shi)現(xian)了碳纖維(wei)(wei)氣(qi)體擴散層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)小(xiao)批量(liang)生產問(wen)題,但是(shi)國(guo)內(nei)仍有(you)很多(duo)院校(xiao)(xiao)和企業(ye)在探(tan)索碳纖維(wei)(wei)氣(qi)體擴撒層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)工藝(yi)和配方(fang),這里就簡單(dan)介紹下(xia)碳纖維(wei)(wei)氣(qi)體擴散層(ceng)(ceng)實(shi)驗室制備時常用的(de)(de)工藝(yi)和實(shi)驗室設備。
一 原材(cai)料和(he)儀器準備(bei)
1.1 原料:5-6毫(hao)米短切(qie)碳纖維(一般采用日本東麗公司的)
化學(xue)試劑(ji):乙(yi)醇 分(fen)散劑(ji):吐溫-80(或纖維(wei)素,甲基纖維(wei)素,羥甲基纖維(wei)素納),減水劑(ji):FDN高效減水劑(ji) 分(fen)散劑(ji):磷酸三丁脂 粘合劑(ji):PVA聚乙(yi)烯醇 熱(re)固型(xing)酚醛樹(shu)脂
1.2 儀器準備
燒(shao)杯,數(shu)控超聲儀(yi)(AT-CS-20) AT-XW-3調頻(pin)式纖(xian)維解離(li)器(qi) AT-FCP-2抄片器(qi) AT-HG鼓(gu)風(feng)干燥(zao)箱 AT-FH復合留著平臺 AT-PGQ-3 熱壓平板干燥(zao)器(qi) AT-TMF 高溫碳化爐(lu)
二 成型流程
2.1商品(pin)碳纖維(長度(du)范圍:5-6mm )→2.2去(qu)膠軟化(方法:乙醇加熱浸泡(pao)或使用旋轉蒸(zheng)發儀。
作用:用溶(rong)劑溶(rong)解(jie)纖維生(sheng)產(chan)過程中添加的膠增加纖維的柔軟度和(he)結合(he)力)
→2.3纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)分(fen)散(試劑(ji):陰離子(zi),陽離子(zi),或(huo)高分(fen)子(zi)分(fen)散劑(ji)。設(she)備:AT-CS-20數控(kong)超(chao)(chao)聲儀(yi)超(chao)(chao)聲3-5分(fen)鐘(zhong)+ AT-XW-3調頻式纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)解(jie)離器 操作(zuo):轉(zhuan)速5000轉(zhuan)/分(fen) 轉(zhuan)數:10000轉(zhuan)左右) →2.4纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)成型(xing)(xing):將纖(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)溶液(ye)加入(ru)抄片(pian)器中,然后加入(ru)配置好的聚乙(yi)烯醇溶液(ye)和磷酸(suan)三丁脂(zhi)(zhi)溶液(ye)在抄片(pian)器底部加入(ru)轉(zhuan)移(yi)拖網,打開氣動(dong)勻漿1分(fen)鐘(zhong)→關閉勻漿靜置10秒→開啟放水閥放水→關閉放水閥開啟真空(kong)泵抽濾2分(fen)鐘(zhong)→吸(xi)水濾紙(zhi)轉(zhuan)移(yi)成型(xing)(xing)紙(zhi)片(pian)→帶(dai)著(zhu)轉(zhuan)移(yi)拖網放入(ru)烘箱干燥(zao)→2.5轉(zhuan)移(yi)到浸(jin)潤成型(xing)(xing)器加入(ru)酚醛樹脂(zhi)(zhi)浸(jin)漬(zi)10分(fen)鐘(zhong),排掉溶液(ye)打開真空(kong)抽濾5分(fen)鐘(zhong))
→2.6干(gan)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)(將(jiang)浸潤后(hou)(hou)的碳紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)干(gan)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)箱中干(gan)燥(zao)(zao)(zao),干(gan)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)時間(jian)以紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)樣含水(shui)率不(bu)高于10%為準(zhun),不(bu)同(tong)克(ke)重(zhong)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)樣干(gan)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)時間(jian)不(bu)同(tong))浸潤后(hou)(hou)根據碳纖維用(yong)量和成(cheng)(cheng)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的克(ke)重(zhong)計算聚乙醇的留(liu)著率以留(liu)著率20%為宜(yi)。紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的總克(ke)重(zhong)-碳纖維含量/紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的總克(ke)重(zhong)。干(gan)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)后(hou)(hou)將(jiang)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)樣放入(ru)加熱型(xing)平板干(gan)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)器進(jin)行(xing)熱壓。→2.7后(hou)(hou)期(qi)處理(到此(ci)一張成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)碳紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)已經(jing)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing),后(hou)(hou)面工(gong)序皆(jie)是成(cheng)(cheng)為氣體(ti)擴散層的準(zhun)備)然(ran)后(hou)(hou)移入(ru)碳化爐中先200度(du)左右(you)溫度(du)烘干(gan)2-3小時,然(ran)后(hou)(hou)再(zai)氮氣保(bao)護下1500-2000度(du)進(jin)行(xing)